American International Journal of Economics and Finance Research

PERSUADING DRIVERS OF INTERNAL AUDIT FUNCTIONS EFFECTIVENESS: DEVELOPMENT OF CONCEPTUAL MODEL

Md Gulam Sharoar Hossain Khan — 2023-07-18

This study aims to systematically review the previous literature on the drivers influencing internal audit effectiveness and coherent these drivers in a conceptual model. A ‘systematic literature review (SLR)’ is performed to detect the drivers that influence internal auditing more effectively. Relevant past literature is swotted between January 2005 to July 2022 as considered the important drivers affecting internal audit functions' effectiveness. Apart from these, all the guidelines mentioned in the international standards regarding internal audit given by the Institute of internal audit (IIA) have also been considered in this study. Three important outcomes are identified for the internal audit function to be effective: meeting the expectation of management, meeting the expectation of the audit committee, and meeting the expectation of auditees. Moreover, based on the SLR, ten important drivers are identified that mostly affect the internal audit effectiveness, such as culture, management support, audit committee support, organizational size, professional qualification, independence, working environment, internal audit budget, employee rotation policy, and proficiency of internal auditors. Based on the identified drivers and outcomes of internal audit effectiveness, this study proposed a conceptual model for internal audit effectiveness. The proposed conceptual model encourages the regulator, policy maker, and different stakeholders to make appropriate strategic decisions to make their internal audit department more effective.

JEL Classification Codes: M40, M41, M42, H83, F65,

THE ROLE AND CHALLENGES OF AUTHORIZED AGENCIES IN COMBATING MONEY LAUNDERING IN BANGLADESH: A CONCEPTUAL STUDY

Mohammad Ali Mia — 2023-07-18

Money laundering has recently become a global threat, impacting developed and poor countries. In developing countries like Bangladesh, it is more difficult to combat financial crime than in developing countries because of the inadequate regulatory environment and vulnerable financial system. Bangladesh’s central bank issues guidelines to facilitate the implementation of the Prevention of money laundering act. According to the guideline of Bangladesh Bank, all financial institutions must develop anti-money laundering policies to ensure the safety and soundness of their institutions. This study aims to focus on the role of authorized agencies in combating money laundering. In this paper, the latest trends in financial crimes have been discussed from Bangladesh's perspective. The preventive measures for money laundering and other financial crimes have been discussed elaborately. So far, money laundering is a sophisticated and dynamic crime; the criminals continuously took innovative processes to use the financial system to launder money. Hence, the challenges of authorized agencies are crucial to combat money laundering. The study will take a step in pointing out the role and challenges of the authorized agencies in combatting money laundering in Bangladesh.

JEL Classification Codes: K42.

ACCEPTABILITY AND APPLICABILITY OF ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE BY CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS IN KANO METROPOLIS

Kabiru Isa Dandago — 2023-08-11

Civil society organizations/Non-governmental organizations complement government efforts and contribute to making life better for the people in their domain. They complement government efforts in making by improving the quality of living standards of the populace. They play an important role in creating awareness for people to know their rights and enhancing issues of accountability, transparency, and good governance by contributing to increased public debates on critical matters concerning the formulation and implementation of governmental policies. As such, they are important partners in deriving economic development in every nation globally. This paper examines the acceptability and applicability of accounting software by civil society organizations within Kano Metropolis. The population consists of 137 CSOs/NGOs operating within Kano Metropolis; the study adopted the population as a sample, primary data was used as the questionnaires were distributed and retrieved with the help of research assistants, and the chi-square (X2) analysis shows that the null hypothesis was rejected. The findings show that finance and accounts staff, including accountants, do not show passion in accepting and applying accounting software to do the financial transactions in their organizations and still prepare to use manual methods of recording financial transactions, which do not conform to the best accounting practice. The study concludes that there is a lack of positive attitude on the part of staff to accept and apply the accounting software to use in their CSOs/NGOs. Hence, this study recommends that proper orientation and training should be given to the CSOs/NGOs staff in the Kano Metropolis to change the narrative.

JEL Classification Codes: H83.